Finishing

Common wood finishes include oils, waxes, varnishes, lacquers, polyurethane, and shellac. Each offers different levels of protection, sheen, and ease of application.

Consider the type of wood, the desired look, and the level of protection needed. For example, oils enhance the wood's natural grain, while polyurethane provides a durable, water-resistant coating.

In most cases, the old finish should be removed or sanded down before applying a new one to ensure proper adhesion and a smooth final result.

Varnish is a durable finish that forms a protective layer on the wood, while lacquer dries quickly to a hard, glossy finish. Lacquer is often thinner and requires more coats.

To achieve a high-gloss finish, apply multiple thin coats of lacquer or polyurethane, sanding lightly between coats. Finish with a fine buffing compound to polish the surface.

Apply wood oil with a clean, lint-free cloth, rubbing it into the wood in the direction of the grain. Allow the oil to penetrate before wiping off the excess and letting it dry.

Wax can be used as a finish, particularly for decorative pieces, but it provides less protection than other finishes. It is often used as a topcoat over other finishes.

To prevent brush marks, use a high-quality brush and apply varnish in thin, even coats. Sand lightly between coats and consider using a thinner for a smoother application.

A cloudy finish can result from moisture trapped in the finish or applying a finish too thickly. Sanding back the affected area and reapplying a thin coat usually resolves the issue.

Regular dusting and occasional cleaning with a damp cloth keep finished wood surfaces looking their best. Avoid harsh chemicals, and periodically apply wax or oil to maintain the finish.